一 关系
1 应用
??数据是存在关系的,将有关系的数据通过 MyBatis 持久化到数据库,且存储的数据也能表示出来这种关系,再由数据库中把有关系的数据查询出来在页面展示。
??保存:页面数据 —> Java 对象封装 —> MyBatis —> 数据库表数据
??查询:数据库表数据 —> MyBatis —> 封装成 Java 对象 —> 页面展示数据
??使用数据库表设计来表示数据之间关系;使用 Java 类设计来表示对象之间关系;通过 MyBatis 配置来映射上面两者。
2 对象关系分类
关联关系 聚合关系 组合关系 泛化关系 实现关系 依赖关系
3 关联关系分类
??A 对象依赖 B 对象,并把 B 作为 A 的一个成员变量,则 A 和 B 存在关联关系。在 UML 中依赖通常使用实线箭头表示。
① 按导航分
??若通过 A 对象中的某一个属性可以访问到 B 对象,则说 A 可以导航到 B。
??单向:只能从 A 通过属性导航到 B,B 不能导航到 A。
??双向:A 可以通过属性导航到 B,B 也可以通过属性导航到 A。
② 按多重性分
??一对一:一个人对一个身份证号
??一对多:一个部门对多个员工
??多对一:多个员工对一个部门
??多对多:多个班级对多个老师
4 判断对象关系
??判断关系必须确定具体需求,根据对象的属性,从对象的实例上进行判断
5 注释
① useGeneratedKeys
??useGeneratedKeys=“true” 和 keyProperty=“id” 是 MyBatis 的映射文件中用于处理自动插入 ID 的配置选项。
??useGeneratedKeys=“true”(默认为false): 让MyBatis 启用 JDBC 的 getGeneratedKeys 方法获取数据库自动生成的键值。通常,这个键值是主键,例如 MySQL 的 AUTO_INCREMENT 字段。
??keyProperty=“id”: 这个设置指定了将自动生成的键值设置到哪个 Java 对象的属性中。在这它是 id,所以 MyBatis 会将自动生成的键值设置到 Java 对象的 id 属性中。
??这两个设置通常一起使用,以便在插入新记录后自动填充 Java 对象的 ID 属性。调用这个插入方法并传入一个对象时,MyBatis 会将这个对象插入到数据库中,然后获取自动生成的 ID 值,并将其设置到这个对象的 id 属性中。
6 项目准备
pom
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>cn.tj</groupId> <artifactId>play</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.4.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.45</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope><!-- 测试阶段才用 --> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.22</version> <scope>provided</scope><!-- 编译阶段和测试阶段才使用 --> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
db.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql:///play_web jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=root
log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=error, stdout log4j.logger.cn.tj=TRACE log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <properties resource="db.properties"></properties> <typeAliases> <package name="cn.tj.domain"/> </typeAliases> <environments default="dev"> <environment id="dev"> <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <mappers> <!--开启mapper目录扫描:mapper接口和xml文件必须目录结构一致--> <package name="cn.tj.mapper"/> </mappers> </configuration>
二 单向多对一保存
1 数据库表
建立一个部门和两个员工,这两个员工属于这个部门
// 部门表 CREATE TABLE `department` ( `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=13 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; // 员工表 CREATE TABLE `employee` ( `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, `salary` double(10,2) DEFAULT NULL, `dept_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=13 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
2 实体类
部门实体类
@Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor public class Department { private Long id; private String name; }
员工实体类
@Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor public class Employee { private Long id; private String name; private Double salary; //设置部门属性 private Department department; }
3 Mapper 接口
部门接口
public interface DepartmentMapper { /*增加部门*/ public int insertDept(Department department); /*根据id查询*/ public Department queryById(Long id); }
员工接口
public interface EmployeeMapper { /*增加员工*/ int insertEmp(Employee employee); /*根据id查询*/ Employee queryById(Long id); /*根据员工id关联查询*/ Employee selectById(Long id); }
4 Mapper XML
部门xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="cn.tj.mapper.DepartmentMapper"> <!--增加部门 useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id" 获取增加数据的自增主键值 --> <insert id="insertDept" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id"> insert into department (name)values(#{name}) </insert> <select id="queryById" resultType="department"> SELECT * from department WHERE id=#{id} </select> </mapper>
员工xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="cn.tj.mapper.EmployeeMapper"> <!--增加员工--> <insert id="insertEmp"> insert into employee (name,salary,dept_id)values(#{name},#{salary},#{department.id}) </insert> <!--自定义返回结果,常用在多表关联查询返回结果集--> <!-- resultMap标签可封装自定义的结果集,给多个查询语句使用 type查询的返回结果对应的javaBean的全类名获别名 --> <resultMap id="empMap" type="employee"> <!--配置javaBean属性和数据库表字段的映射关系: column是数据库字段,property是实体类属性 id配置主键字段关联关系 result配置非主键关联--> <id column="id" property="id"></id> <result column="name" property="name"></result> <result column="salary" property="salary"></result> <result column="dept_id" property="department.id"></result> </resultMap> <!--根据员工id查询--> <select id="queryById" resultMap="resMap"> SELECT * from employee WHERE id=#{id} </select> <!--通过框架参数来设置发送sql--> <resultMap id="resMap" type="employee"> <!--配置javaBean属性和数据库表字段的映射关系:id配置主键字段关联关系 result配置非主键关联--> <id column="id" property="id"></id> <result column="name" property="name"></result> <!--配置多对一关系中的一的一方: property多方实体类中设置的一方的属性名称 column执行多方sql需要传递给下一条sql的字段名(id) select需要调用的一方的sql执行的方法(namespace+id) javaType一方实体类全类名或别名 --> <association property="department" column="dept_id" select="cn.tj.mapper.DepartmentMapper.queryById" javaType="department" ></association> </resultMap> <resultMap id="baseMap" type="employee"> <!--配置多方实体类属性参数--> <id column="id" property="id"></id> <result column="name" property="name"></result> <result column="salary" property="salary"></result> <!--配置一方的实体类属性参数--> <association property="department" javaType="department"> <id column="did" property="id"></id> <result property="name" column="dname"></result> </association> </resultMap> <!--多表关联查询员工部门信息--> <select id="selectById" resultMap="baseMap"> SELECT e.id,e.`name`,e.salary salary,d.id did,d.`name` dname from employee e,department d WHERE e.dept_id=d.id and e.id=#{id}; </select> </mapper>
5 测试类
public class EmployeeMapperTest { // 保存两个同部门下的员工 @Test public void emp_save(){ //1.创建sqlsession SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession(); //2.创建mapper对象 EmployeeMapper employeeMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class); DepartmentMapper departmentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(DepartmentMapper.class); //3.增加一个部门 Department dept=new Department(); dept.setName("安保部"); departmentMapper.insertDept(dept); //4.新增的部门下面增加两个员工 Employee emp1 =new Employee(); emp1.setName("石昊"); emp1.setSalary(new Double(8848)); emp1.setDepartment(dept);//建立员工和部门的关系 Employee emp2 =new Employee(); emp2.setName("叶凡"); emp2.setSalary(new Double(8848)); emp2.setDepartment(dept); employeeMapper.insertEmp(emp1); employeeMapper.insertEmp(emp2); } }
三 单向多对一的额外 SQL 查询
1 介绍
??额外sql的本质就是分步sql,通过前一个的结果集进行下一条语句的查询
2 Mapper 接口
员工
Employee queryById(Long id);
部门
Department queryById(Long id);
3 Mapper XML
员工
<!--自定义返回结果,常用在多表关联查询返回结果集--> <!-- resultMap标签可封装自定义的结果集,给多个查询语句使用 type查询的返回结果对应的javaBean的全类名获别名 --> <resultMap id="empMap" type="employee"> <!-- 配置javaBean属性和数据库表字段的映射关系: column是数据库字段,property是实体类属性 id配置主键字段关联关系 result配置非主键关联 --> <id column="id" property="id"></id> <result column="name" property="name"></result> <result column="salary" property="salary"></result> <result column="dept_id" property="department.id"></result> </resultMap> <!--根据员工id查询--> <select id="queryById" resultMap="empMap"> SELECT * from employee WHERE id=#{id} </select>
部门
<select id="queryById" resultType="department"> SELECT * from department WHERE id=#{id} </select>
4 测试类
// 额外sql之手动发送sql:查询15号员工所在部门 @Test public void emp_queryById() { SqlSession sqlSession=MybatisUtil.getSqlSession(); EmployeeMapper employeeMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class); DepartmentMapper departmentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(DepartmentMapper.class); //根据员工id查询 Employee employee = employeeMapper.queryById(15l); //根据员工所在 的部门id查部门 Department department = departmentMapper.queryById(employee.getDepartment().getId()); System.out.println(employee+department.getName()); }
5 association 发送额外 SQL
① 员工 Mapper XML
<select id="queryById" resultMap="resMap"> SELECT * from employee WHERE id=#{id} </select> <!--通过框架参数来设置发送sql--> <resultMap id="resMap" type="employee"> <!--配置javaBean属性和数据库表字段的映射关系:id配置主键字段关联关系 result配置非主键关联--> <id column="id" property="id"></id> <result column="name" property="name"></result> <!--配置多对一关系中的一的一方: property多方实体类中设置的一方的属性名称 column执行多方sql需要传递给下一条sql的字段名(id) select需要调用的一方的sql执行的方法(namespace+id) javaType一方实体类全类名或别名 --> <association property="department" column="dept_id" select="cn.tj.mapper.DepartmentMapper.queryById" javaType="department" ></association> </resultMap>
② 员工 Mapper 接口
Employee queryById(Long id);
③ 测试类
@Test public void emp_queryByEmpId() { SqlSession sqlSession=MybatisUtil.getSqlSession(); EmployeeMapper employeeMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class); //根据员工id查询 Employee employee = employeeMapper.queryById(15l); System.out.println(employee); }
四 单向多对一的关联查询
1 员工 mapper 接口
Employee selectById(Long id);
2 员工 mapper xml
<resultMap id="baseMap" type="employee"> <!--配置多方实体类属性参数--> <id column="id" property="id"></id> <result column="name" property="name"></result> <result column="salary" property="salary"></result> <!--配置一方的实体类属性参数,column可用别名--> <association property="department" javaType="department"> <id column="did" property="id"></id> <result property="name" column="dname"></result> </association> </resultMap> <!--多表关联查询员工部门信息--> <select id="selectById" resultMap="baseMap"> SELECT e.id,e.`name`,e.salary salary,d.id did,d.`name` dname from employee e,department d WHERE e.dept_id=d.id and e.id=#{id}; </select>
3 测试类
@Test public void emp_selectByEmpId() { SqlSession sqlSession=MybatisUtil.getSqlSession(); EmployeeMapper employeeMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class); //根据员工id查询 Employee employee = employeeMapper.selectById(15l); System.out.println(employee); }
五 单向一对多的保存与查询
1 数据库表
??无变化
2 实体类
员工
@Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor public class Employee { private Long id; private String name; private Double salary; // 封装员工的部门id 非关联属性 private Long dept_id; }
部门 – 一对多时在一方设置多方属性
@Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor public class Department { private Long id; private String name; /*设置多方的属性*/ private List<Employee> employeeList=new ArrayList<>(); }
3 Mapper 接口
员工
public interface EmployeeMapper { /*增加员工*/ int insertEmp(Employee employee); /*根据部门id查询员工*/ List<Employee> queryById(Long id); }
部门
public interface DepartmentMapper { /*增加部门*/ public int insertDept(Department department); /*根据id查询*/ public Department queryById(Long id); }
4 Mapper XML
员工
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="cn.tj.mapper.EmployeeMapper"> <!--增加员工--> <insert id="insertEmp"> insert into employee (name,salary,dept_id)values(#{name},#{salary},#{dept_id}) </insert> <!--根据部门id查询员工--> <select id="queryById" resultType="employee"> SELECT * from employee WHERE dept_id=#{id} </select> </mapper>
部门
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="cn.tj.mapper.DepartmentMapper"> <!--增加部门 useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id" 获取增加数据的自增主键值 --> <insert id="insertDept" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id"> insert into department (name)values(#{name}) </insert> <!--部门查询的自定义结果集对象--> <resultMap id="deptMap" type="department"> <!--一方实体类参数配置 ofType多方属性对应的实体类全类名或别名--> <id column="id" property="id"></id> <result column="name" property="name"></result> <collection property="employeeList" select="cn.tj.mapper.EmployeeMapper.queryById" column="id" ofType="employee"></collection> </resultMap> <!--根据id查询--> <select id="queryById" resultMap="deptMap"> SELECT * from department WHERE id=#{id} </select> </mapper>
5 测试类
员工
public class EmployeeMapperTest { // 保存一个部门和两个员工,且这两个员工都是这个部门的 @Test public void emp_save(){ //1.创建sqlsession SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession(); //2.创建mapper对象 EmployeeMapper employeeMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class); DepartmentMapper departmentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(DepartmentMapper.class); //3.增加一个部门 Department department=new Department(); department.setName("实施部"); departmentMapper.insertDept(department); //4.新增的部门下面增加两个员工 Employee emp1=new Employee(); emp1.setName("利威尔"); emp1.setSalary(new Double(8848)); //设置部门关联id emp1.setDept_id(department.getId()); employeeMapper.insertEmp(emp1); Employee emp2=new Employee(); emp2.setName("艾伦"); emp2.setSalary(new Double(8848)); //设置部门关联id emp2.setDept_id(department.getId()); employeeMapper.insertEmp(emp2); } }
部门
public class DepartmentMapperTest { // 根据 id 查询部门,并把其部门的员工信息也查询出来。 @Test public void dept_list() { SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession(); DepartmentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(DepartmentMapper.class); Department department = mapper.queryById(805l); System.out.println(department); } }
六 单向多对多的保存
1 数据库表
//学生表 CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=21 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; //老师表 CREATE TABLE `teacher` ( `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=21 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; //中间表 CREATE TABLE `student_teacher` ( `student_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, `teacher_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
2 实体类
// 学生 @Data public class Student { private Long id; private String name; /*设置老师属性*/ private List<Teacher> teacherList=new ArrayList<>(); } // 老师 @Data public class Teacher { private Long id; private String name; }
3 Mapper 接口
// 学生 public interface StudentMapper { /*增加学生*/ public int insertStudent(Student student); /*增加中间表数据*/ public int insertRelation(@Param("sid")Long sid,@Param("tid")Long tid); } // 老师 public interface TeacherMapper { /*增加老师*/ int insertTeacher(Teacher teacher); }
4 Mapper XML
// 学生 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="cn.tj.mapper.StudentMapper"> <!--增加学生--> <insert id="insertStudent" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id"> insert into student(name) values(#{name}) </insert> <!--增加中间表数据--> <insert id="insertRelation"> insert into student_teacher (student_id,teacher_id)values(#{sid},#{tid}) </insert> </mapper> // 老师 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="cn.tj.mapper.TeacherMapper"> <!--增加老师--> <insert id="insertTeacher" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id"> insert into teacher(name) VALUES(#{name}) </insert> </mapper>
5 测试类
public class StudentMapperTest { //保存两个学生和两个老师,且这两个老师都教了这个两个学生 @Test public void student_save() { SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession(); StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); TeacherMapper teacherMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class); //1.保存学生 Student student1=new Student(); student1.setName("陈汉生"); studentMapper.insertStudent(student1); Student student2=new Student(); student2.setName("穿山甲"); studentMapper.insertStudent(student2); //2.保存老师 Teacher teacher1=new Teacher(); teacher1.setName("沈幼楚"); teacherMapper.insertTeacher(teacher1); Teacher teacher2=new Teacher(); teacher2.setName("慕容鱼"); teacherMapper.insertTeacher(teacher2); //3.保存中间表数据 studentMapper.insertRelation(student1.getId(),teacher1.getId()); studentMapper.insertRelation(student1.getId(),teacher2.getId()); studentMapper.insertRelation(student2.getId(),teacher1.getId()); studentMapper.insertRelation(student2.getId(),teacher2.getId()); } }
七 单向多对多的额外 SQL 查询
1 mapper 接口
// 学生 /*根据id查询学生*/ public Student queryById(Long id); // 老师 /*根据学生id查询老师信息*/ List<Teacher> queryBySid(Long sid);
2 mapper xml
<!--学生--> <resultMap id="studentMap" type="student"> <id column="id" property="id"></id> <result column="name" property="name"></result> <collection property="teacherList" column="id" select="cn.tj.mapper.TeacherMapper.queryBySid" ofType="teacher"></collection> </resultMap> <!--根据id查询--> <select id="queryById" resultMap="studentMap"> SELECT * from student WHERE id =#{id} </select> <!--老师--> <!--查询学生关联的老师--> <select id="queryBySid" resultType="Teacher"> SELECT * from teacher t,student_teacher st WHERE t.id=st.teacher_id and st.student_id=#{sid} </select>
3 测试类
// 根据 id 查询学生,并查询教过他的老师 @Test public void student_query() { SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession(); StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); Student student = mapper.queryById(2l); System.out.println(student); }
八 单向多对多的删除
??先删中间表(删除学生)
1 mapper 接口
/*根据id删除*/ public int deleteById(Long id); /*根据学生id删除中间表数据*/ public int deleteBySid(Long sid);
2 mapper xml
<!--根据id删除--> <delete id="deleteById"> DELETE from student WHERE id=#{id} </delete> <!--根据学生id删除中间表数据--> <delete id="deleteBySid"> DELETE from student_teacher WHERE student_id=#{sid} </delete>
3 测试类
/*根据id删除学生*/ @Test public void student_delete() { SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession(); StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); mapper.deleteBySid(2l);//需要先删除中间表数据 mapper.deleteById(2l);//再删除学生表数据 }