在Spring Boot项目中引入JPA(Java Persistence API)非常简单,只需要几个步骤:
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添加依赖项:在你的
build.gradle 或pom.xml 文件中添加Spring Data JPA和一个兼容的JPA实现(如Hibernate)的依赖。Gradle (build.gradle)
dependencies { implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa' runtimeOnly 'com.h2database:h2' // 如果你使用H2作为内嵌数据库 }
Maven (pom.xml)
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> <artifactId>h2</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
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配置数据源和JPA属性:在
application.properties 或application.yml 中配置数据源信息以及JPA相关属性。# application.properties spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb spring.datasource.username=root spring.datasource.password=root spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update spring.jpa.show-sql=true
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创建实体类:为每个数据库表创建一个对应的Java实体类,并用JPA注解进行映射。
import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; @Entity public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id; private String name; private String email; // 构造函数、getter和setter... }
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创建Repository接口:继承自JpaRepository以获得基本的CRUD操作。
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> { }
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在服务层注入并使用Repository。
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class UserService { private final UserRepository userRepository; @Autowired public UserService(UserRepository userRepository) { this.userRepository = userRepository; } // CRUD操作方法... }
现在你已经在Spring Boot项目中成功引入并配置了JPA。