#pra
  
gma once
#include <iostream>
#include <assert.h>

using namespace std;

namespace my_string {		//自定义的命名空间，避免与std中的string冲突	
	class string {

	public:
		string(const char* str = "")	//构造函数
			:_size(strlen(str))
		{
			_capacity = _size;
			_str = new char[_capacity + 1];		//  ''不计为有效值
			strcpy(_str, str);
		}

		string(const string& s) {		//拷贝构造
			_capacity = s._capacity;
			_size = s._size;
			_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
			strcpy(_str, s._str);
		}

		~string() {		//析构
			delete[] _str;
			_str = nullptr;
			_size = _capacity = 0;
		}

		string& operator=(const string& s) {	//赋值运算符重载
			if (this != &s) {
				char* tmp = new char[s._capacity + 1];
				//避免抛异常而修改左值
				strcpy(tmp, s._str);
				delete[] _str;
				_str = tmp;
				_size = s._size;
				_capacity = s._capacity;
			}
			return *this;
		}

		void reserve(size_t new_capacity) {	//扩容
			if (new_capacity > _capacity) {
				char* tmp = new char[new_capacity + 1];
				strcpy(tmp, _str);
				delete[] _str;
				_str = tmp;
				_capacity = new_capacity;
			}
		}

		void resize(size_t new_size,char x='') {
			if (new_size <= _size) {
				_size = new_size;
				_str[_size] = x;
			}
			else {
				if (new_size > _capacity) {
					reserve(new_size);
				}
				for (size_t i = _size; i < new_size; i++) {
					_str[i] = x;
				}
				_size = new_size;
				_str[_size] = '';
			}
		}

		//比较运算符重载
		bool operator==(const string& s) const{
			return strcmp(_str, s._str) == 0;
		}

		bool operator<(const string& s) const{
			return strcmp(_str, s._str) < 0;
		}
		
		bool operator<=(const string& s) const {
			return (*this < s || *this == s);
		}

		bool operator!=(const string& s) const {
			return !(*this == s);
		}
		
		bool operator>(const string& s) const {
			return !(*this <= s );
		}
		
		bool operator>=(const string& s) const {
			return !(*this < s);
		}
		//

		char& operator[](size_t i) {		//索引访问（可变）
			return _str[i];
		}		

		const char& operator[](size_t i)const {
			return _str[i];
		}			//索引访问（不可变）

		const char* c_str() {	//返回数据
			return _str;
		}

		const int size() {	//返回有效个数
			return _size;
		}

		const int capacity() {	//返回容量
			return _capacity;
		}

		typedef char* iterator;//迭代器
		typedef const char* const_iterator; 
		string::iterator begin() {
			return _str;
		}
		string::iterator end() {
			return _str + _size;
		}

		const string::const_iterator cbegin() {
			return _str;
		}
		
		const string::const_iterator cend() {
			return _str + _size;
		}

		//尾插字符
		void pushback(char x) {
			if (_size == _capacity) {
				reserve(2* _capacity);
			}
			_str[_size++] = x;
			_str[_size] = '';
		}

		//尾插字符串
		void append(const char* str) {
			size_t length = strlen(str);
			if (_size + length > _capacity) {
				reserve(_size + length);
			}
			for (size_t i = _size; i < _size + length; i++) {
				_str[i] = str[i - _size];
			}
			_size += length;
			_str[_size] = '';
		}

		//中间插入字符串
		void insert(size_t pos, const char* str) {
			assert(pos < _size);
			size_t length = strlen(str);
			if (_size + length > _capacity) {
				reserve(_size + length);
			}

			size_t end = _size + length;
			while (end > pos-1+length) {
				_str[end] = _str[end - length];
				end--;
			}
			for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
				_str[pos + i] = str[i];
			}
			_size += length;
		}

		//删除
		void erase(size_t pos, size_t len = npos) {
			if (len == npos || pos + len >= _size) {	//必须写明两个条件
				_str[pos] = '';
				_size = pos;
			}
			else {
				strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
				_size -= len;
			}
		}

		//查找
		size_t find(const char* str,size_t pos=0) {
			const char* p = strstr(_str+pos, str);
			if (p == nullptr) {
				return npos;
			}
			return p - _str;
		}

		void clear() {
			_str[0] = '';
			_size = 0;
		}

	private:
		char* _str;		//指向堆区
		int _size;		//有效字符个数
		int _capacity;	//容量
		static const size_t npos = -1;		//此处-1是一个非常大的数
	};
}