大家好??,我是极客涛??,上一篇中我们对代理模式有两大类,静态代理和动态代理,对于静态代理相信大家都信手拈来。对于动态代理还有两种实现,一种是java原生的Jdk代理,一种是Cglib方式。因为涉及到源码解读,所以我也将分两期完成,本期主要讲讲JDK动态代理的实现方式
示例
先举个小例子,创建接口
public interface Father { void eat(); }
创建实现类
public class Son implements Father{ @Override public void eat() { System.out.println("吃饭"); } }
测试
public class ProxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ProxyTest test = new ProxyTest(); test.jdkProxy(); } private void jdkProxy(){ Father son = new Son(); Father proxySon = (Father) Proxy.newProxyInstance(son.getClass().getClassLoader(), son.getClass().getInterfaces(), new InvocationHandler() { @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { System.out.println("做饭"); Object invoke = method.invoke(son, args); System.out.println("洗碗"); return invoke; } }); proxySon.eat(); }
输出结果
做饭 吃饭 洗碗
如上,是一个使用JDK动态代理的简单例子,通过Proxy类的静态方法newProxyInstance可以生成目标类的代理类,这里有几个疑问:
- 为什么要使用实例对象的ClassLoader和Interfaces,使用其实例对象的行不行,使用类的行不行
- 为什么被代理类非要实现接口
- newProxyInstance返回的代理类是什么类型,强转成实现类(Father proxySon = (Son) Proxy.newProxyInstance(…))会不会报错
我们带着这几个问题看看源码
源码
java.lang.reflect.Proxy
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces, InvocationHandler h) throws IllegalArgumentException { Objects.requireNonNull(h); // 克隆被代理类的接口Class对象 final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone(); // 使用Java安全管理器校验程序,防止恶心代码 final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager(); if (sm != null) { checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs); } /* * Look up or generate the designated proxy class. * 查找或生成指定的代理类。这里会使用缓存,缓存里没有就创建代理类,放放到缓存中 * 接下来我们进入这个方法看看 */ Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs); /* * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler. * 使用指定的调用处理程序调用其构造函数。 */ try { if (sm != null) { checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl); } // 获取代理类的构造器,这里会生成一个入参为InvocationHandler.class的构造器 final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams); final InvocationHandler ih = h; if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) { AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() { public Void run() { cons.setAccessible(true); return null; } }); } // 通过反射使用构造方法(带有InvocationHandler入参的构造方法)创建代理类的实例对象 return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h}); } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { Throwable t = e.getCause(); if (t instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException) t; } else { throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t); } } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e); } }
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>... interfaces) { // 这里为什么是65535? if (interfaces.length > 65535) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded"); } // If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing // the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy; // otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory /** * 如果给定加载器定义的代理类实现,给定的接口存在,这将简单地返回缓存的副本;否则,它将通过 ProxyClassFactory 创建代理类 * 在进入这个方法看看 / return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces); }
java.lang.reflect.WeakCache
public V get(K key, P parameter) { Objects.requireNonNull(parameter); expungeStaleEntries(); Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue); // lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey); if (valuesMap == null) { ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap = map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey, valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>()); if (oldValuesMap != null) { valuesMap = oldValuesMap; } } // create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that // subKey from valuesMap // 其它代码先不关注,这里的apply方法会调用$ProxyClassFactory的apply方法 Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter)); Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey); Factory factory = null; ... }
java.lang.reflect.Proxy
private static final class ProxyClassFactory implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>> { // prefix for all proxy class names // 代理类名前缀 private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy"; // next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong(); @Override public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) { Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length); for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) { /* * Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this * interface to the same Class object. */ Class<?> interfaceClass = null; try { // 循环获取被代理类的接口结合的Class对象 interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { } if (interfaceClass != intf) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( intf + " is not visible from class loader"); } /* * Verify that the Class object actually represents an * interface. */ if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface"); } /* * Verify that this interface is not a duplicate. */ if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName()); } } String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL; /* * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the * proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package. */ for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) { int flags = intf.getModifiers(); if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) { accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL; String name = intf.getName(); int n = name.lastIndexOf('.'); String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1)); if (proxyPkg == null) { proxyPkg = pkg; } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "non-public interfaces from different packages"); } } } if (proxyPkg == null) { // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + "."; } /* * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate. */ long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement(); // com.sun.proxy. + $Proxy + 0 String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num; /* * Generate the specified proxy class. * 生成指定的代理类文件,并判断是否需要持久化,这里只是普通的文件字节数组,jvm并不认识 */ byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass( proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags); try { // 定义代理类,加载到jvm中,生成真正可以使用的运行时代理类的Class对象, return defineClass0(loader, proxyName, proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length); } catch (ClassFormatError e) { /* * A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the * proxy class generation code) there was some other * invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy * class creation (such as virtual machine limitations * exceeded). */ throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString()); } } }
分析
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);这块代码可以生成代理类的字节数组,那么我们是不是可以看看生成的代理类到底长什么样呢?写个测试方法看看
private void write(){ Father father = new Son(); byte[] proxyArr = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("$Proxy0", father.getClass().getInterfaces()); try { Files.write(Paths.get("C:\Users\wxt\Desktop\test.class"), proxyArr); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
文件内容
// 代理类默认继承了Proxy类,实现了被代理类的接口 public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements Father { private static Method m1; private static Method m3; private static Method m2; private static Method m0; static { try { // 这里初始化4个成员变量 m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", Class.forName("java.lang.Object")); m3 = Class.forName("com.wangxt.wxt.design.patterns.proxy.dynamic.Father").getMethod("eat"); m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString"); m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode"); } catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) { throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage()); } catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) { throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage()); } } public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler var1) throws { // 这里会调用父类的构造,并把InvocationHandler传递 super(var1); } // 这里是我们自定义的方法,其它方法道理相同 public final void eat() throws { try { // 可以看到,当我们调用代理类的方法时,实际上会调用父类的h(InvocationHandler)的invoke方法 // @Override // public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable // 所以我们重写InvocationHandler的invoke方法时传入的就是这几个参数 super.h.invoke(this, m3, (Object[])null); } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) { throw var2; } catch (Throwable var3) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3); } } ... }
好了,到这里基本信息都看完了,我们做个总结
-
准备代理类的描述数据
-
创建代理类(实现接口)的字节码文件
-
通过ClassLoader将代理类的字节数组加载到JVM中
-
创建代理类的实例对象,执行对象的目标方法
我们回过头来,在想想最开始的3个问题:
- 为什么要使用实例对象的ClassLoader和Interfaces,使用其实例对象的行不行,使用类的行不行
- 因为我们要代理的接口是应用类加载器加载的,所以理论上只要应用类加载器加的类都可以
- 但是interface肯定是需要实例对象(son.getClass())或者代理类(Son.class),因为我们要对其的接口进行代理
- 为什么被代理类非要实现接口
- 因为代理类已经继承了Proxy类,所以只能实现接口
- newProxyInstance返回的代理类是什么类型,强转成实现类(Father proxySon = (Son) Proxy.newProxyInstance(…))会不会报错
- 返回的是实现了接口继承了Proxy的代理类,所以强转成Son会报错
总结
因为JDK动态代理生成的代理对象默认继承了Proxy类,又因为Java中是单继承多实现,所以导致了JDK动态代理无法代理实现类,只能代理接口;而且我们通过观察Proxy类,维护了InvocationHandler h成员变量并提供了相应的方法,然后通过子类对InvocationHandler进行透传,Proxy对其进行方法执行。