仅做一个记录，Linux命令实在太多了，有些比较有趣的命令还是需要记录一下哈
1，
usb-devices命令
该命令会打印输出现有机器上所有的USB设备，此命令等同于cat /sys/kernel/debug/usb/devices
其中部分输出如下：
T: Bus=02 Lev=02 Prnt=02 Port=00 Cnt=01 Dev#= 3 Spd=12 MxCh= 0 D: Ver= 1.10 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS= 8 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=2717 ProdID=503a Rev=02.05 S: Manufacturer=Telink S: Product=Xiaomi Wireless Mouse Lite 2 C: #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=a0 MxPwr=50mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=03(HID ) Sub=01 Prot=02 Driver=usbhid T: Bus=01 Lev=02 Prnt=02 Port=00 Cnt=01 Dev#= 3 Spd=480 MxCh= 0 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=0bda ProdID=b711 Rev=02.00 S: Manufacturer=Realtek S: Product=802.11n WLAN Adapter S: SerialNumber=00E04CB82101 C: #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=80 MxPwr=500mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 6 Cls=ff(vend.) Sub=ff Prot=ff Driver=rtl8710bu
关键信息解读：
Product=Xiaomi Wireless Mouse Lite 2 小米无线鼠标
Vendor=2717 ProdID=503a Rev=02.05 2717 设备编号，503a 生产编号
下面的就不用说了，802.11n WLAN Adapter 表示此USB是一个网卡，当然了，此网卡驱动是已经安装好的才会这样显示
2，
lsusb 命令
该命令是软件包usbutils内的一个命令，主要是打印输出机器目前在用的USB设备， 参数tv 表示详细层级输出
例如，只简单显示在用的USB设备：
串行总线 只有001 002 003 ，表示只有三个USB设备
[root@control-plane ~]# lsusb Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 003: ID 2717:503a Bus 002 Device 002: ID 2109:3431 VIA Labs, Inc. Hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0bda:b711 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
详细层级输出在用的USB设备：
和上面的输出互相印证了，确实是三个USB设备，并且最后一个网卡已经被Linux正确识别了，如果没识别，driver将是usb-storage
[root@control-plane ~]# lsusb -tv
/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 5000M
/: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/1p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
/: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=rtl8710bu, 480M
3，
udevadm
usb设备监控程序，检测USB设备是否插入或者拔出
常用形式是udevadm monitor --property ，此时USB设备的插拔将会实时显示，并且给出详细的信息，上面两个命令的所有信息一并给出
例如，插入一个无线USB鼠标接受端，可以看到内核的挂载动作，比如挂载到目录/dev/bus/usb/002/003， 生产序号 PRODUCT=3/2717/503a/111
[root@control-plane ~]# udevadm monitor --property monitor will print the received events for: UDEV - the event which udev sends out after rule processing KERNEL - the kernel uevent KERNEL[215.228496] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:06:00.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.1 (usb) ACTION=add BUSNUM=002 DEVNAME=/dev/bus/usb/002/003 DEVNUM=003 DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:06:00.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.1 DEVTYPE=usb_device MAJOR=189 MINOR=130 PRODUCT=2717/503a/205 SEQNUM=3730 SUBSYSTEM=usb TYPE=0/0/0 KERNEL[215.230646] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:06:00.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.1/2-1.1:1.0 (usb) ACTION=add DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:06:00.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.1/2-1.1:1.0 DEVTYPE=usb_interface INTERFACE=3/1/2 MODALIAS=usb:v2717p503Ad0205dc00dsc00dp00ic03isc01ip02in00 PRODUCT=2717/503a/205 SEQNUM=3731 SUBSYSTEM=usb TYPE=0/0/0 KERNEL[215.237769] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:06:00.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.1/2-1.1:1.0/0003:2717:503A.0001 (hid) ACTION=add DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:06:00.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.1/2-1.1:1.0/0003:2717:503A.0001 HID_ID=0003:00002717:0000503A HID_NAME=Telink Xiaomi Wireless Mouse Lite 2 HID_PHYS=usb-0000:06:00.0-1.1/input0 MODALIAS=hid:b0003g0001v00002717p0000503A SEQNUM=3732 SUBSYSTEM=hid
此命令在USB设备驱动没有安装的时候，可以配合lsusb命令来查询该usb设备的具体型号，从而得到正确的usb驱动
4，
查询设备挂载详情
例如LVM的其中一个分区详情，其它种类查询没有太多意义，就不举例了，比如
udevadm info --query=path --name=sda 查看sda的path
udevadm info --attribute-walk --name=/dev/nvme0n1 查看nvme0n1的所有父设备一直到sysfs的根节点
[root@control-plane ~]# udevadm info --query=all --name=dm-2 P: /devices/virtual/block/dm-2 N: dm-2 S: centos/home S: disk/by-id/dm-name-centos-home S: disk/by-id/dm-uuid-LVM-PyGUtcJjQsvFN7OXScUCZk0CoWW1k02S96xuWxV0OJE6rbqgWHaBMLGZAlh0rifi S: disk/by-uuid/111780e4-2780-4497-9214-25d845cefb7c S: mapper/centos-home E: DEVLINKS=/dev/centos/home /dev/disk/by-id/dm-name-centos-home /dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-LVM-PyGUtcJjQsvFN7OXScUCZk0CoWW1k02S96xuWxV0OJE6rbqgWHaBMLGZAlh0rifi /dev/disk/by-uuid/111780e4-2780-4497-9214-25d845cefb7c /dev/mapper/centos-home E: DEVNAME=/dev/dm-2 E: DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/dm-2 E: DEVTYPE=disk E: DM_ACTIVATION=1 E: DM_LV_NAME=home E: DM_NAME=centos-home E: DM_SUSPENDED=0 E: DM_UDEV_DISABLE_LIBRARY_FALLBACK_FLAG=1 E: DM_UDEV_PRIMARY_SOURCE_FLAG=1 E: DM_UDEV_RULES_VSN=2 E: DM_UUID=LVM-PyGUtcJjQsvFN7OXScUCZk0CoWW1k02S96xuWxV0OJE6rbqgWHaBMLGZAlh0rifi E: DM_VG_NAME=centos E: ID_FS_TYPE=xfs E: ID_FS_USAGE=filesystem E: ID_FS_UUID=111780e4-2780-4497-9214-25d845cefb7c E: ID_FS_UUID_ENC=111780e4-2780-4497-9214-25d845cefb7c E: MAJOR=253 E: MINOR=2 E: MPATH_SBIN_PATH=/sbin E: SUBSYSTEM=block E: TAGS=:systemd: E: USEC_INITIALIZED=96943
查看小米的无线USB鼠标
[root@control-plane ~]# ls /dev/h hidraw0 hpet hugepages/ hwrng [root@control-plane ~]# ls /dev/hidraw0 /dev/hidraw0 [root@control-plane ~]# udevadm info --query=all --name=hidraw0 P: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:06:00.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.1/2-1.1:1.0/0003:2717:503A.0001/hidraw/hidraw0 N: hidraw0 E: DEVNAME=/dev/hidraw0 E: DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:06:00.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.1/2-1.1:1.0/0003:2717:503A.0001/hidraw/hidraw0 E: ID_BUS=usb E: ID_MODEL=Xiaomi_Wireless_Mouse_Lite_2 E: ID_MODEL_ENC=Xiaomix20Wirelessx20Mousex20Litex202 E: ID_MODEL_ID=503a E: ID_REVISION=0205 E: ID_SERIAL=Telink_Xiaomi_Wireless_Mouse_Lite_2 E: ID_TYPE=hid E: ID_USB_DRIVER=usbhid E: ID_USB_INTERFACES=:030102: E: ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00 E: ID_VENDOR=Telink E: ID_VENDOR_ENC=Telink E: ID_VENDOR_ID=2717 E: MAJOR=245 E: MINOR=0 E: SUBSYSTEM=hidraw E: USEC_INITIALIZED=215290694
5，
USB设备的自动卸载和挂载
例如，网卡的自动挂载：
[root@control-plane ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-ipoib.rules
# This is a sample udev rules file that demonstrates how to get udev to
# set the name of IPoIB interfaces to whatever you wish. There is a
# 16 character limit on network device names though, so don't go too nuts
#
# Important items to note: ATTR{type}=="32" is IPoIB interfaces, and the
# ATTR{address} match must start with ?* and only reference the last 8
# bytes of the address or else the address might not match on any given
# start of the IPoIB stack
#
# Note: as of rhel7, udev is case sensitive on the address field match
# and all addresses need to be in lower case.
#
# ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{type}=="32", ATTR{address}=="?*00:02:c9:03:00:31:78:f2", NAME="mlx4_ib3"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bda", ATTRS{idProduct}=="1a2b", RUN+="/usr/sbin/usb_modeswitch -K -v 0bda -p 1a2b"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bda", ATTRS{idProduct}=="1a2b", RUN+="/bin/bash -c 'modprobe 8188gu && echo 0bda 1a2b > /sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/option1/new_id'"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bda", ATTRS{idProduct}=="1a2b", RUN+="/bin/bash -c 'modprobe 8188gu && echo 0bda 1a2b > /sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/option1/new_id'"
那么，卸载如何写呢？
ACTION=="remove",KERNELS=="*:0:0:1",ATTRS{idVendor}=="05e3",ATTRS{idProduct}=="0716",RUN+="/bin/umount -l /opt/usb_sd1_1"
我想这个应该是可以算作禁用特定USB设备吧，当然了，先自动挂载，指定挂载点，然后在卸载就等于禁用了嘛
拔出的时候有个PRODUCT ，它是 idVendor 和 idProduct 值的一个组合，可以使用它来区分不同的设备。最终就可以正常卸载设备了